Convert different format in python

The following commands is for directly convert ascii, numbers in python:

$ python2
>>> str(unichr(97))
'a'
>>> str(unichr(0x68))
'h'
>>> str(unichr(0x5a))
'Z'
>>> bin(0x2711)
'0b10011100010001'
>>> 0x2711
10001
>>> hex(1127)
'0x467'

Big-Little Endian

An elegant way for juding big-endian or little-endian of processor:

eCCM2-root-root> python -c "import sys;sys.exit(0 if sys.byteorder=='big' else 1)"
eCCM2-root-root> echo $?
0
[Trusty@~]$ python -c "import sys;sys.exit(0 if sys.byteorder=='big' else 1)"
[Trusty@~]$ echo $?
1

So we could see powerpc is the big-endian, while PC is little-endian.

Compare pkg content

Use dpkg for reading the content and compare with the official ones:

 dpkg -c ../../xxxxx_name.deb | awk '{print $3 $6}' | sort -n

Scripts for listing all of the content in the directory:

for i in `ls *.deb`
do
    echo $i
    dpkg -c $i
done

OpenSuse vlan configuration modification

The command is listed as following:

linux:/etc/udev # cd rules.d/
linux:/etc/udev/rules.d # ls
10-network.rules  55-libsane.rules  56-sane-backends-autoconfig.rules  70-kpartx.rules  70-persistent-net.rules  99-iwlwifi-led.rules
linux:/etc/udev/rules.d # cat 70-persistent-net.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="00:xx:xx:xx:xx", NAME="eth1", DRIVERS=="?*"
linux:/etc/udev/rules.d # cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/vlan.service
[Unit]
Description=Add Vlan Configure 
Type=idle

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vconfig.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Change persistent name from enp0s25 to eth1 and let it possible to add vlan on this interface.

And start the vlan configuration at the very last of the systemd working.

LXC On OpenSuse

LXC 相关操作

列出本机已有的容器：

# lxc-ls
xxxxxyyySimulator1  xxxxxyyySimulator2

开启虚拟机：

# lxc-start -n xxxxxyyySimulator1

本机开启终端连接到开启后的虚拟机：

# lxc-console --name xxxxxyyySimulator1

Type <Ctrl+a q> to exit the console, <Ctrl+a Ctrl+a> to enter Ctrl+a itself

Welcome to openSUSE 12.3 "Dartmouth" - Kernel 3.11.10-21-default (tty1).


xxxxxyyySimulator1 login: root
Password: 
Last login: Fri Aug 29 15:40:54 from xxx.xxx.xx.59
Have a lot of fun...
xxxxxyyySimulator1:~ # 

用户名和密码都是"root”. ctrl+a后按q即可退出该终端。

销毁容器:

lxc-destroy -n XXXXXXXXXX

克隆容器:

bash /usr/bin/lxc-clone -o xxxxxyyySimulator1 -n xxxxxyyySimulator2

其中-o 是源容器， -n 后接的是目的容器名，目的容器会自动创建。

LXC 容器修改

比如，网络配置在下列文件里：

# cat /var/lib/lxc/xxxxxyyySimulator2/config | more
# Template used to create this container: /usr/share/lxc/templates/lxc-opensuse
# Template script checksum (SHA-1): xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

#lxc.network.type = empty
lxc.network.type = veth
lxc.network.flags = up
lxc.network.link = br0
lxc.network.name = eth0
lxc.network.ipv4 = xxx.xxx.xx.67/24
lxc.network.ipv4.gateway = xxx.xxx.xx.1

network.ipv4代表其IP地址，而Gateway则代表其默认路由。

虚拟机位置：

linux:/var/lib/lxc # du -hs *
483M	xxxxxyyySimulator1
483M	xxxxxyyySimulator2
linux:/var/lib/lxc # pwd
/var/lib/lxc

克隆后的虚拟机也在同一目录下。

启动后的虚拟机，都可以被视为真实的物理机，可以通过ssh直接连上去操作。