InstallingNixOS
Jun 26, 2024
Technology
steps
Enable sshd:
$ passwd
Change the password
$ ssh nixos@xxx.xxx.xx.xx
......
Change channel:
$ sudo -i
nix-channel --add https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nix-channels/nixpkgs-unstable nixpkgs
nix-channel --add https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nix-channels/nixos-24.05 nixos
nix-channel --list
nix-channel --update
nixos-rebuild --option substituters https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nix-channels/store switch --upgrade
parted:
parted /dev/sda # 分区该设备
mklabel gpt # 创建 GPT 表
mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 256MiB # 在 1 MiB - 256 MiB 的位置创建引导分区
p # 打印当前分区表
set 1 esp on # 将序号为 1 的分区标识为可启动
mkpart primary 256MiB -2GiB
unit s
mkpart primary linux-swap 996022272 100%
p
lsblk:
nvme0n1 259:0 0 476.9G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:4 0 255M 0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:5 0 474.7G 0 part
└─nvme0n1p3 259:6 0 2G 0 part
make filesystem:
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1
mkfs.btrfs -L nixos /dev/nvme0n1p2
mkswap -L swap /dev/nvme0n1p3
mount sub volumes:
mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/root
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/home
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/nix
umount /mnt
mount -o compress=zstd,subvol=root /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/{home,nix,boot}
mount -o compress=zstd,subvol=home /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/home/
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=nix /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/nix
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot
swapon /dev/nvme0n1p3
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
# cat /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
# Do not modify this file! It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’
# and may be overwritten by future invocations. Please make changes
# to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix instead.
{ config, lib, pkgs, modulesPath, ... }:
{
imports =
[ (modulesPath + "/installer/scan/not-detected.nix")
];
boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "xhci_pci" "ahci" "nvme" "usbhid" "usb_storage" "sd_mod" "sr_mod" "sdhci_pci" ];
boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ ];
boot.kernelModules = [ "kvm-intel" ];
boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];
fileSystems."/" =
{ device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/aeb74833-b6fc-444f-bdc0-3ab931e7356a";
fsType = "btrfs";
options = [ "subvol=root" "compress=zstd" ];
};
fileSystems."/home" =
{ device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/aeb74833-b6fc-444f-bdc0-3ab931e7356a";
fsType = "btrfs";
options = [ "subvol=home" "compress=zstd"];
};
fileSystems."/nix" =
{ device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/aeb74833-b6fc-444f-bdc0-3ab931e7356a";
fsType = "btrfs";
options = [ "subvol=nix" "compress=zstd" "noatime"];
};
fileSystems."/boot" =
{ device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/2D3A-7086";
fsType = "vfat";
options = [ "fmask=0022" "dmask=0022" ];
};
swapDevices =
[ { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/745d2fd3-c12b-4d15-a242-9283cac98c5d"; }
];
# Enables DHCP on each ethernet and wireless interface. In case of scripted networking
# (the default) this is the recommended approach. When using systemd-networkd it's
# still possible to use this option, but it's recommended to use it in conjunction
# with explicit per-interface declarations with `networking.interfaces.<interface>.useDHCP`.
networking.useDHCP = lib.mkDefault true;
# networking.interfaces.enp2s0.useDHCP = lib.mkDefault true;
# networking.interfaces.wlp3s0.useDHCP = lib.mkDefault true;
nixpkgs.hostPlatform = lib.mkDefault "x86_64-linux";
hardware.cpu.intel.updateMicrocode = lib.mkDefault config.hardware.enableRedistributableFirmware;
}
[root@nixos:~]# cat /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
# Edit this configuration file to define what should be installed on
# your system. Help is available in the configuration.nix(5) man page, on
# https://search.nixos.org/options and in the NixOS manual (`nixos-help`).
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
{
imports =
[ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
./hardware-configuration.nix
];
# Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
networking.hostName = "nixos"; # Define your hostname.
# Pick only one of the below networking options.
# networking.wireless.enable = true; # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant.
networking.networkmanager.enable = true; # Easiest to use and most distros use this by default.
# Set your time zone.
# time.timeZone = "Europe/Amsterdam";
time.timeZone = "Asia/Shanghai";
# Configure network proxy if necessary
# networking.proxy.default = "http://user:password@proxy:port/";
# networking.proxy.noProxy = "127.0.0.1,localhost,internal.domain";
# Select internationalisation properties.
# i18n.defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
i18n.defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
# console = {
# font = "Lat2-Terminus16";
# keyMap = "us";
# useXkbConfig = true; # use xkb.options in tty.
# };
# Enable the X11 windowing system.
services.xserver.enable = true;
services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable = true;
# Configure keymap in X11
# services.xserver.xkb.layout = "us";
# services.xserver.xkb.options = "eurosign:e,caps:escape";
# Enable CUPS to print documents.
# services.printing.enable = true;
# Enable sound.
hardware.pulseaudio.enable = true;
# OR
# services.pipewire = {
# enable = true;
# pulse.enable = true;
# };
# Enable touchpad support (enabled default in most desktopManager).
# services.libinput.enable = true;
# Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
# users.users.alice = {
# isNormalUser = true;
# extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
# packages = with pkgs; [
# firefox
# tree
# ];
# };
# List packages installed in system profile. To search, run:
# $ nix search wget
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
vim # Do not forget to add an editor to edit configuration.nix! The Nano editor is also installed by default.
wget
alacritty
];
sound.enable = true;
#hardware.pulseaudio.enable = true;
# Some programs need SUID wrappers, can be configured further or are
# started in user sessions.
# programs.mtr.enable = true;
# programs.gnupg.agent = {
# enable = true;
# enableSSHSupport = true;
# };
# List services that you want to enable:
# Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
# services.openssh.enable = true;
# Open ports in the firewall.
# networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
# networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
# Or disable the firewall altogether.
# networking.firewall.enable = false;
# Copy the NixOS configuration file and link it from the resulting system
# (/run/current-system/configuration.nix). This is useful in case you
# accidentally delete configuration.nix.
# system.copySystemConfiguration = true;
# This option defines the first version of NixOS you have installed on this particular machine,
# and is used to maintain compatibility with application data (e.g. databases) created on older NixOS versions.
#
# Most users should NEVER change this value after the initial install, for any reason,
# even if you've upgraded your system to a new NixOS release.
#
# This value does NOT affect the Nixpkgs version your packages and OS are pulled from,
# so changing it will NOT upgrade your system - see https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-upgrading for how
# to actually do that.
#
# This value being lower than the current NixOS release does NOT mean your system is
# out of date, out of support, or vulnerable.
#
# Do NOT change this value unless you have manually inspected all the changes it would make to your configuration,
# and migrated your data accordingly.
#
# For more information, see `man configuration.nix` or https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options#opt-system.stateVersion .
nix.settings.substituters = [
"https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/nix-channels/store"
];
system.stateVersion = "24.11"; # Did you read the comment?
}
# nixos-install --option substituters https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nix-channels/store
Re-Create the password:
nixos-enter # 进入部署好的系统，类似 arch 的 chroot
passwd root # 重置 root 密码
useradd -m -G wheel dash # 添加普通用户，并加入 wheel 组
passwd dash # 设置普通账户密码
Install awesome:
nix-env -qaP awesome
sudo nix-env -iA nixpkgs.awesome
Not the right way, the right way should be:
$ sudo vim /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
services.xserver = {
enable = true;
displayManager = {
sddm.enable = true;
defaultSession = "none+awesome";
};
windowManager.awesome = {
enable = true;
luaModules = with pkgs.luaPackages; [
luarocks # is the package manager for Lua modules
luadbi-mysql # Database abstraction layer
];
};
};
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --option substituters https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nix-channels/store