创建Vagrant Box

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Aims

Recently I am frequently using vagrant for verification, so quickly creating the vagrant box becomes the essential tasks. Previsouly I am suing packer for building vagrant box, but it requires you for writing the complex configuration files. How to quickly generate the vagrant box using virtualbox, following lists the steps

Virtual Machine

Create a new virtual machine in virtualbox, make sure you locate your disk file in /tmp folder!!! In ArchLinux, the /tmp directly is actually the ramfs, so the read/write speed would be pretty quick! Thus you could greatly save your time for installing the system.

The partition size depends on your own requirement, I have a 8G memory machine, So I choose 3G for partition disk, later we will see the partition will be seperated into 2 part(Swap/Root), the swap is equal to your virtual machine memory size, all of the remain spaces will be allocated into root directory.

In partition, you should select Use all spaces and setup LVM, the installation process will automatically create the layout for you.

Create the username/password for vagrant/vagrant, also your hostname would also be vagrant.

Enable the sshd.

Finish installation and reboot your machine.

Configuration

Update and upgrade your system via:

$ sudo apt-get update -y
$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y
# Restart the machine
$ sudo shutdown -r now

Add vagrant user to sudoer’s list:

$ sudo su -
$ visudo
# Add the following line to the end of the file.
vagrant ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

Install the vagrant publicfile:

$ mkdir -p /home/vagrant/.ssh
$ wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/master/keys/vagrant.pub -O /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Ensure we have the correct permissions set
$ chmod 0700 /home/vagrant/.ssh
$ chmod 0600 /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ chown -R vagrant /home/vagrant/.ssh

Install the guest tools:

$ sudo apt-get install -y gcc build-essential linux-headers-server

Mount the guest tools, and do following commands for compiling the guest-tools:

$ sudo mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
$ cd /mnt
$ sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Before your packaging the box, remove the un-continous spaces in disk via following command:

$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/EMPTY bs=1M
$ sudo rm -f /EMPTY
# Shutdown the machine
$ sudo shutdown -h now

Packaging the Box

Packaging is so simple via:

$ vagrant package --base <VitualBox VM Name>

You could install it via:

$ vagraant box add package.box --name "YourName"

Exapand your disks

An example of Vagrantfile is listed as following:

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "UbuntuTrusty3G"
  config.vm.provision :shell, path: "initial.sh"

  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      unless File.exist?('./secondDisk.vdi')
        vb.customize ['createhd', '--filename', './secondDisk.vdi', '--variant', 'Fixed', '--size', 10 * 1024]
      end
  
    vb.memory = "1024"
    vb.customize ['storageattach', :id,  '--storagectl', 'SATA', '--port', 1, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', './secondDisk.vdi']
  end
end

The initial.sh called in Vagrantfile is like following:

set -e
set -x
#echo 'Acquire::http::Proxy "http://192.168.0.121:3142";'>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01proxy
# Added the primary repository
apt-get update
apt-get -y install vim lvm2

if [ -f /etc/disk_added_date ]
then
   echo "disk already added so exiting."
   exit 0
fi


sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdb <<EOF
n
p
1


t
8e
w
EOF

pvcreate /dev/sdb1
vgextend vagrant-vg /dev/sdb1
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vagrant-vg/root
resize2fs /dev/vagrant-vg/root

date > /etc/disk_added_date

This script will automatically expand your root disk from the original 2.5G to 12.5G, you could adjust the size in Vagrantfile.

On CentOS7

The default configuration for sshd should be changed to:

# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes
UseDNS	no
PasswordAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes