Linux Tips(5)
May 4, 2016
LinuxTips
1. Detach Running Tasks
Ctrl+Z for suspend the tasks, then bg it, now you could use disown %1 for
detaching the running process.
Next time you login, you will see this background task is also running.
2. Installation of Cobbler
Shell Scripts:
https://gist.github.com/luisbolson/1d0dc42976d2468171d0
3. yum groups
4. rvm issue
rvm met openssl.so (LoadError), could be solved via following steps.
$ curl https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/801e1fe46d83c856844ba18ae4751478c59af0d1.diff > openssl.patch\n
$ rvm install 1.9.3 --with-openssl-dir=$HOME/.rvm/usr --patch ./openssl.patch
5. Get the name of rpm packages
Only print the name of the rpm package:
# rpm -qp --queryformat '%{NAME}\n' *.rpm>package.list
6. xargs tips
Example:
# find . -type f -exec grep -ilR "MY PATTERN" {} \; | xargs -I % cp % /dest/dir/
For me, I find out all of the packges in cache file, and copy them to another position:
$ find . | \grep rpm$ | xargs -I % cp % /home/dash/rpms
7. Make local repo
From the stackoverflow answers.
Yes as you've described it, it sounds doable. I think I would be inclined to do the
following steps.
Setup directories
$ mkdir {Desktop,Desktop_Platform,X_Window_System,Fonts}
Download RPMs
Then run these types of commands to download the RPMs for the given groups:
$ repoquery --qf=%{name} -g --list --grouppkgs=all "Fonts" | \
xargs -I{} repotrack -a x86_64 -p Fonts/ {}
You can wrap it in a for loop too:
$ for i in "Desktop" "Desktop_Platform" "X_Window_System" "Fonts";do
repoquery --qf=%{name} -g --list --grouppkgs=all "$i" | \
xargs -I{} repotrack -a x86_64 -p $i/ {};
done
This will go through each group and download the packages into their respective
directories.
Re-installation
Then use the command as you've described:
$ yum --nogpgcheck localinstall {Desktop,Desktop_Platform,X_Window_System,Fonts}/*.rpm
8. Simple Screen Recorder
Ubuntu:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder
# if you want to record 32-bit OpenGL applications on a 64-bit system:
sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder-lib:i386
ArchLinux:
$ sudo pacman -S simplescreenrecorder
9. Convert virtualbox hd to qcow2
VBoxManage clonehd /home/dash/VirtualBox\ VMs/ansible-cobbler_cobbler-ubuntu_1462410925173_15793/packer-virtualbox-iso-1454031074-disk1.vmdk /home/dash/output.img --format raw && qemu-img convert -f raw /home/dash/output.img -O qcow2 /home/dash/ansible-cobbler.qcow2
10. Ansible issue
The isssue is:
ansible: ERROR: become is not a legal parameter in an Ansible Playbook
Solved via upgrading to the newest version of ansible:
$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install ansible
Using the newest ansible you could aoid this error.
11. Create customized lxc image
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/186638/how-to-make-a-local-template-for-a-linux-container-and-point-to-that
https://insights.ubuntu.com/2015/03/20/installing-lxd-and-the-command-line-tool/
https://www.stgraber.org/2016/03/30/lxd-2-0-image-management-512/
https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/01/lxd-2-0-image-management-512/
12. Changing to eth0 in Ubuntu
Modify the name of enps* to eth0/1/2/3/4/, via following steps:
try this: Edit your /etc/default/grub. Change the line from
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
to
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
and, finally run:
# update-grub
If you runs the CentOS/RHEL Systems, you could use following commands for updating your grub configuration:
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
13. MAAS Syncing PXE File
https://maas.ubuntu.com/docs/sstreams-mirror.html
http://ytooyama.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2016/05/11/002532
For building our own MAAS image:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/744966/how-do-you-install-the-maas-image-builder-on-14-04-lts
14. Vagrant For MAAS
https://github.com/battlemidget/vagrant-maas
https://github.com/battlemidget/vagrant-maas-in-a-box/blob/master/Vagrantfile
15. Convert vm to physical
Thus you could enjoy packer building the physical machine! :)
cd /media/wherever-the-image-is/
# for VMWare
sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm
qemu-img convert your-vmware-disk.vmdk -O raw disk.img
# For VirtualBox
VBoxManage internalcommands converttoraw your-virtualbox-disk.vdi /dev/sdX
16. Generate Random Seed
Error message is Please do some other work to give the OS a chance to collect more entropy!
$ sudo aptitude install haveged
17. DEB Repository in Cobbler
Trouble-Shooting:
https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/issues/1530
18. Manually Install Mate Desktop
echo "debconf debconf/frontend select noninteractive" | sudo debconf-set-selections
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update -y
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated upgrade -y
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y build-essential
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y ubuntu-mate-desktop
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y vim
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y chromium-browser
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y meld vim-gtk
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y evince
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hans-base language-pack-gnome-zh-hans language-pack-gnome-zh-hans-base
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y `check-language-support -l zh`
sudo localectl set-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
# TW/HK language support
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y language-pack-zh-hant language-pack-zh-hant-base language-pack-gnome-zh-hant language-pack-gnome-zh-hant-base
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y `check-language-support -l zh`
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y fcitx
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y fcitx-table-wubi fcitx-table-wubi-large
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y fcitx-googlepinyin
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y gimp
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y ibus-pinyin
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y thunderbird-locale-en-us mythes-en-au hunspell-en-gb thunderbird-locale-en-gb fonts-arphic-ukai wbritish fcitx-sunpinyin openoffice.org-hyphenation language-pack-gnome-en hunspell-en-za fcitx-chewing fcitx-table-cangjie gimp-help-en language-pack-en mythes-en-us thunderbird-locale-en fcitx-module-cloudpinyin libreoffice-help-en-us firefox-locale-en libreoffice-help-en-gb fonts-arphic-uming hyphen-en-gb libreoffice-l10n-en-za fcitx-ui-qimpanel hunspell-en-au libreoffice-l10n-en-gb hyphen-en-us hunspell-en-ca
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y zsh
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-wqy-microhei ttf-wqy-microhei ttf-wqy-zenhei xfonts-wqy
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y eclipse
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y gpicview
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y scrot
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y byobu
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y subversion git
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y kdiff3
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install -y docker
Final Version should be:
echo "debconf debconf/frontend select noninteractive" | sudo debconf-set-selections
unset DEBIAN_HAS_FRONTEND DEBIAN_FRONTEND DEBCONF_REDIR DEBCONF_OLD_FD_BASE
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get update --assume-yes
apt-get dist-upgrade --assume-yes
apt-get install --assume-yes vim build-essential ubuntu-mate-desktop chromium-browser meld vim-gtk evince language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hans-base language-pack-gnome-zh-hans language-pack-gnome-zh-hans-base language-pack-zh-hant language-pack-zh-hant-base language-pack-gnome-zh-hant language-pack-gnome-zh-hant-base fcitx fcitx-table-wubi fcitx-table-wubi-large fcitx-googlepinyin gimp ibus-pinyin thunderbird-locale-en-us mythes-en-au hunspell-en-gb thunderbird-locale-en-gb fonts-arphic-ukai wbritish fcitx-sunpinyin openoffice.org-hyphenation language-pack-gnome-en hunspell-en-za fcitx-chewing fcitx-table-cangjie gimp-help-en language-pack-en mythes-en-us thunderbird-locale-en fcitx-module-cloudpinyin libreoffice-help-en-us firefox-locale-en libreoffice-help-en-gb fonts-arphic-uming hyphen-en-gb libreoffice-l10n-en-za fcitx-ui-qimpanel hunspell-en-au libreoffice-l10n-en-gb hyphen-en-us hunspell-en-ca zsh fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-wqy-microhei ttf-wqy-microhei ttf-wqy-zenhei xfonts-wqy eclipse gpicview scrot byobu subversion git kdiff3 docker
apt-get install --assume-yes `check-language-support -l zh`
19. Use rync for resume tranferring
Command:
$ rsync -P -e ssh remoteuser@remotehost:/remote/path /local/path
20. RackHD Howto
http://dojoblog.emc.com/rackhd-cpi/setting-up-rackhd/
21. sync repo
vagrant@ubuntu-1404:/etc/apt$ cat /var/mirrors/ubuntu/14.04/var/postmirror.sh
#!/bin/sh -x
# the udebs script gets the actual files we need
#/mnt/repo/apt-mirror/var/udebs.sh
# A quick apt directory structure primer:
# an apt server (e.g. archive.ubuntu.com) contains repositories (e.g. trusty-backports),
# which contain archives (e.g. multiverse), which contain directories
# a complete example - http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty-backports/multiverse/debian-installer/
# With this in mind, we create bash 'arrays' of the structure:
# server we're syncing against
#MIRROR="cn.archive.ubuntu.com"
MIRROR="archive.ubuntu.com"
# repositories we're mirroring
#REPOS="trusty trusty-updates trusty-security trusty-proposed trusty-backports"
REPOS="trusty"
# archives in repositories
#ARCHIVES="main multiverse restricted universe"
ARCHIVES="main"
# installer location inside archive
#DIRECTORIES="debian-installer dist-upgrader-all installer-amd64 installer-i386"
DIRECTORIES="debian-installer installer-amd64"
#where we're storing it locally
LOCALDIR="/var/mirrors/ubuntu/14.04/mirror/mirrors.aliyun.com"
#LOCALDIR="/mnt/repo/apt-mirror/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com"
for REPO in $REPOS; do
for ARCHIVE in $ARCHIVES; do
for DIRECTORY in $DIRECTORIES;do
# create directory structure
if [ ! -e "$LOCALDIR/ubuntu/dists/$REPO/$ARCHIVE/$DIRECTORY" ]; then
mkdir -p "$LOCALDIR/ubuntu/dists/$REPO/$ARCHIVE/$DIRECTORY"
fi
# do the sync
rsync --recursive --times --links --hard-links --delete --delete-after \
rsync://$MIRROR/ubuntu/dists/$REPO/$ARCHIVE/$DIRECTORY/ $LOCALDIR/ubuntu/dists/$REPO/$ARCHIVE/$DIRECTORY
done
done
done
22. Vagrantfile for adding more disks
To be done.
23. rvm install issue
With openssl patched you can install rvm successfully:
$ wget https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/801e1fe46d83c856844ba18ae4751478c59af0d1.diff -O openssl.patch
$ rvm install --patch ./openssl.patch 2.2.3
24. performance tool
http://www.tecmint.com/linux-cpu-load-stress-test-with-stress-ng-tool/2/
25. X11 Forwarding Issue
Problem:
X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
Solved via:
# pacman -S xorg-xauth
# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
AddressFamily any
X11Forwarding yes
Then restart the sshd daemon, you will get X11 on ssh forwarding enabled.
If you are under CentOS, then install the package xorg-x11-xauth.
Add new user clouder:
# useradd -d /home/clouder/ clouder
# chown -R clouder:clouder /home/clouder/
# usermod -aG kvm clouder
# usermod -aG libvirt clouder
polkit configuration:
# vim /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-libvirt.rules
/* Allow users in kvm group to manage the libvirt
daemon without authentication */
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
if (action.id == "org.libvirt.unix.manage" &&
subject.isInGroup("kvm")) {
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
Install following packages:
# pacman -Syu ebtables dnsmasq
Open nested kvm.
26. Hack into system
http://null-byte.wonderhowto.com/how-to/hack-like-pro-hack-shellshock-vulnerability-0157651/
27. Quickly setup graphite and grafana
On ArchLinux, do following:
$ mkdir -p /root/data/graphite/storage/whisper/
$ sudo docker run -d \
--name graphite \
-p 8080:80 \
-p 2003:2003 \
-v /local/path/to/.htpasswd:/etc/nginx/.htpasswd \
-v /root/data/graphite/storage/whisper:/opt/graphite/storage/whisper \
sitespeedio/graphite
Now your graphite runs OK, default username/password is guest/guest.
Continue setup the docker container for grafana:
$ docker run -i -p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana
Or, setup our own persistent storage via:
$ mkdir -p /root/data/grafana/
$ chmod 777 -R /root/data/grafana/
$ docker run -d -v /root/data/grafana:/var/lib/grafana --name grafana-storage busybox:latest
$ docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana --volumes-from grafana-storage grafana/grafana
$ docker logs grafana
The correct way for running grfafana via following:
# docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana -v /root/data/grafana:/var/lib/grafana grafana/grafana
28. docker-enter issue
If you met importenv: not found issue, do following to let docker-enter running:
# docker pull jpetazzo/nsenter
# docker run --rm -v /usr/local/bin:/target jpetazzo/nsenter
# docker-enter <container_name>
29. Docker-Collectd
# docker run -d --net=host --privileged -v /:/hostfs:ro --name=collectd -e HOST_NAME=localhost -e \
GRAPHITE_HOST=192.168.1.79 andreasjansson/collectd-write-graphite
30. For using bridged vagrant-libvirt
An example Vagrantfile is listed as following , notice it’s using ovsbr0.
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
############### Vagrant Configuration Here #############
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
# vagrant issues #1673..fixes hang with configure_networks
config.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
config.ssh.username = 'vagrant'
config.ssh.password = 'vagrant'
config.ssh.insert_key = 'true'
config.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|
domain.nic_model_type = 'e1000'
domain.memory = 384
domain.nested = true
domain.cpu_mode = 'host-passthrough'
end
# bridge node.
# Add one networking, modify hostname, define memory, CPU cores.
config.vm.define :bridge do |bridge|
bridge.vm.box = "csmgmtv4"
bridge.vm.hostname = "bridgenode"
bridge.vm.network :public_network,
:dev => "ovsbr0",
:mode => "bridge",
:type => "bridge",
:ip => "192.168.178.2",
:ovs => "true"
bridge.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|
domain.storage :file, :size => '100G'
domain.memory = 1024
domain.cpus = 1
domain.nested = true
domain.disk_bus = 'virtio'
domain.nic_model_type = 'virtio'
domain.volume_cache = 'writeback'
end
end
end
###31. Using VPN in CloudStack https://portal.redbridge.se/faq/getting-started/accessing-your-instance-from-the-outside/
32. python issue(easy_install)
Solved via:
$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python
33. VPN Over ssh
Established via:
$ sudo pppd updetach noauth silent nodeflate pty "/usr/bin/ssh root@192.168.1.79 \
/usr/bin/pppd nodetach notty noauth" ipparam vpn 10.0.8.1:10.0.8.2
34. X Windows for normal user
X Window for normal user
➜ ~ chmod u+s /usr/bin/Xorg
35. Chromium Flash
Install it via:
$ proxychains4 yaourt chromium-pepper-flash
Then enable it in chrome://plugins.
36. JunOS Issue
https://ittechnologist.wordpress.com/2015/08/23/use-vagrant-with-juniper-junos-vms-on-ubuntu/
https://atlas.hashicorp.com/juniper
37. hugo materials
http://dongjian.github.io/post/howtobuildablog/
http://bling.github.io/blog/2015/12/31/migrating-from-jekyll-octopress-to-hugo/
https://parsiya.net/blog/2016-02-02-from-octopress-to-hugo/
http://nathanleclaire.com/blog/2014/12/22/migrating-to-hugo-from-octopress/
38. awk
Some tricks on awk:
$ document_keywords="categories: ["Technology"]
$ echo $document_keywords | awk '{
for(i=2;i<=NF;i++){if(i!=NF){$i="\""$i"\""","}else{$i="\""$i"\""}}}1'
39. sed ways
Using sed for switching from octopress to hugo:
$ cat edit.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in `ls ./*.markdown`
do
# Generate the modified result, like categories: ["Technology"]
replaceline=`grep -i "categories: ["Technology"]
'{for(i=2;i<=NF;i++){if(i!=NF){$i="\""$i"\""","}else{$i="\""$i"\""}}}1'`
sed -i "2s|.*|$replaceline|" $i
done
$ sed -i '2s/\(:[[:blank:]]*\)\(.*\)/\1[\2]/' *.markdown
40. Gnome-terminal go to the same directory
Added following definition(this is a bug)
$ vim ~/.zshrc
. /etc/profile.d/vte.sh
41. asoundconf
Since I used GigaByte Brix for working, the alsasound should be configured.
Default card is via HDMI, but I want to use PCH. Following are the steps:
$ yaourt asoundconf
$ asoundconf list
Names of available sound cards:
HDMI
PCH
$ asoundconf set-default-card PCH
Now you could enjoy the PCH output.
42. OCR under Linux
Using tesseract:
$ convert beforeconvert.jpg -auto-level -compress none converted.tiff
$ sudo pacman -S tesseract tesseract-data-eng
$ tesseract converted.tiff myoutput
The above commands first convert the jpg to tiff, then install tesseract and its language pack, then we could recoginze the text out of the tiff picture.
43. Vagrant Provision With Shell Scripts
Configuration for the Vagrantfile:
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
config.vm.provision :shell, path: "bootstrap.sh"
The bootstrap.sh configuration:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Use the proxy for apt-get
sudo echo 'Acquire::http::Proxy
"http://192.168.1.69:3142";'>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01proxy
# Replace the repository
sudo sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i 's/us.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
44. Python OCR Web Appliation
https://realpython.com/blog/python/setting-up-a-simple-ocr-server/
45. Jenkins user priviledge
Run jenkins as the user “johndoe”:
Let's say the user you want is called "johndoe" and it has an userid=2000 and
groupid=2004 in your box, do this:
1. Edit /etc/password
jenkins:x:2000:2004::/var/lib/jenkins:/bin/bash
2. Change permissions so they reflect the new ID
chown jenkins:jenkins -Rv /var/cache/jenkins/
chown -Rv jenkins:jenkins /var/lib/jenkins/
46. Disable auto detect Ethernet Name
On Ubuntu16.04:
Try this: Edit your /etc/default/grub. Change the line from
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
to
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
and, finally run:
# update-grub
as root, and reboot your system.
47. CentOS Network issue
eth0 works but eth1/2/3/4 failed, because those SB didn’t enable NetworkManager Service!
$ sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
48. Vagrant/Ansible
49. Install vagrant-libvirt in ArchLinux
Via following command:
$ CONFIGURE_ARGS='with-ldflags=-L/opt/vagrant/embedded/lib with-libvirt-include=/usr/include/libvirt with-libvirt-lib=/usr/lib' \
GEM_HOME=~/.vagrant.d/gems GEM_PATH=$GEM_HOME:/opt/vagrant/embedded/gems PATH=/opt/vagrant/embedded/bin:$PATH \
vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt
Fix bug:
export PATH=/opt/vagrant/embedded/bin:$PATH
export GEM_HOME=~/.vagrant.d/gems
export GEM_PATH=$GEM_HOME:/opt/vagrant/embedded/gems
gem uninstall ruby-libvirt
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/libcurl.so{,.backup}
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/libcurl.so.4{,.backup}
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/libcurl.so.4.4.0{,.backup}
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/pkgconfig/libcurl.pc{,.backup}
gem source -r https://rubygems.org
gem source -a http://mirrors.aliyun.com/rubygems
gem install ruby-libvirt
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/libcurl.so{.backup,}
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/libcurl.so.4{.backup,}
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/libcurl.so.4.4.0{.backup,}
sudo mv /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib/pkgconfig/libcurl.pc{.backup,}
50. update-ca-trust
Using update-ca-trust could solve curl’s CA ISSUE.
51. Squid quickly
Install and run squid via:
docker run --name squid -d --restart=always \
--publish 3128:3128 \
--volume /srv/docker/squid/cache:/var/spool/squid3 \
sameersbn/squid:3.3.8-16
52. Installing Haroopad On CentOS
URL:
http://www.bonashen.com/post/artifice/20140805-install-haroopad-on-fedora-20-64bit
53. xen-tools issue
Switching keystroke.
hello! first install the xentools of your linux vm, then in the tools of xencenter hit
options , go to the console, change the keyboard shortcut for the fullscreen of vm from
ctrl alt to f12. then you can use the ctrl alt f1 to launch the console of your vm
linux
54. Delete sr in XenServer
Some tips, may be indentified later:
15 service xapi restart
16 exit
17 xe list
18 xe sr list
19 xe sr-list
20 xe pif 36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
21 xe pif-list sr-uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
22 xe pif-list sr_uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
23 xe pif-list sr-uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
24 xe pif-list help
25 xe pif-list
26 help xe pif-list
27 xe help pif-list
28 xe help pdp-list
29 xe help
30 xe help --all
31 xe pbd-list
32 xe pif-list
33 xe pif-list sr-uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
34 xe pbd-list sr-uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
35 xe pbd-unplug uuid=6f5d5678-87be-c5ba-7c57-8d01ba00c3ba
36 xe pbd-list sr-uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
37 xe sr-unplug uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
38 xe help --all | grep sr
39 xe sr-destroy uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
40 xe sr-detach uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
41 xe sr-forget uuid=36be98fc-e046-44bf-aaa9-77e7c1f228b5
42 history
55. Vagrant for junos
Quickly setup junos dev env.
$ vagrant box add hc-download --name "juniper/ffp-12.1X47-D15.4-packetmode"
$ vagrant init juniper/ffp-12.1X47-D15.4-packetmode
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-junos
$ vagrant plugin install vagrant-host-shell
$ vagrant up --provider virtualbox
56. cloudmonkey error
request-toolbelt missing, solved via:
$ easy_install --upgrade pip && pip install --upgrade setuptools && pip install --upgrade \
distribute && wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python
Simple solved:
$ pip install --upgrade setuptools
57. cloudmonkey for installing templates
Install templates via:
$ cloudmonkey list zones name=FirstZone | grep ^id | awk {'print $3'}
$ cloudmonkey register template hypervisor=XenServer
zoneid=47865946-c129-424c-9fe4-a2e1786193cb format=vhd name=ubuntu1404
displaytext=ubuntu1404 ispublic=true ostypeid=8f94fb50-5561-11e6-993d-5254002a1e68
hvm=false passwordenabled=true url=http://192.168.1.69/ubuntu1404.vhd
58. make specific windows image
Make the virtualbox based win2008 datacenter version:
$ make virtualbox/eval-win2008r2-datacenter
59. pushbullet app
Could use it in IOT projects:
60. Virtualbox And Cloudstack
For building a minimum environment:
http://www.shapeblue.com/virtualbox-test-env/
61. Windows LifeCycle
Find out the lifecycle of windows:
62. Creately website
For drawing beautiful network diagrams:
You can login with your google profiles.
63. Default route for CentOS
Add following in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-cloudbr:
DEFROUTE=yes
64. OVS Bridge example
You can remove some parameters, like intefaceid, target dev, alias name, etc.
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:63:d2:1e'/>
<source bridge='ovsbr0'/>
<virtualport type='openvswitch'>
<parameters interfaceid='3f320d2c-7adc-46dd-857c-fb04a96ab416'/>
</virtualport>
<target dev='vnet7'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<alias name='net1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
65. flatpak
https://linux.cn/article-7673-1.html?utm_source=weibo&utm_medium=weibo
66. CloudStack APIs
http://docs.idcf.jp/cloud/introduction/
https://github.com/idcf/cloudstack-api
67. Specify vagrant deployment vars in Vagrantfile
An example in Vagrantfile:
# Install CloudStack Agent node.
config.vm.define "allinone" do |allinone|
allinone.vm.provision :ansible do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "./Ansible/CloudStackAgent.yml"
ansible.limit = CLOUDSTACK_ALLINONE_HOSTNAME
ansible.inventory_path = "./Ansible/vagrant"
ansible.inventory_path = "./Ansible/vagrant"
ansible.extra_vars = { ansible_ssh_user: 'vagrant' }
ansible.extra_vars = { ansible_ssh_pass: 'vagrant' }
ansible.verbose = 'vvvv'
end
end
68. ssh login with RSA Issue
First add following parameters:
$ sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
Then restart the sshd service and also change the priviledge of the ssh configuration directory:
$ chmod go-w ~/
$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh
$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Now restart the sshd service and it will work properly.
69. Auto-Hide Menubar in gnome-terminal
Under ArchLinux + Awesome, configure it via:
$ vim ~/.config/rc.lua
terminal = "gnome-terminal --hide-menubar"
70. Qemu qcow2 Format Convertion
Use following commands for convert to 0.10 version of qemu image:
$ qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O qcow2 -o compat=0.10 Origin.qcow2 Converted.qcow2
71. grub default OK For packer
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet text splash nomodeset"
Hugo After Changing ssh-key
Better if you remove the initial .travis.yml, and touch again.
$ touch .travis.yml
$ travis login --org
$ cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa ./
$ travis encrypt-file id_rsa --add
$ rm -f ./id_rsa
Then add the hint message into your .travis.yml file, update.
72. On installing XenServer
Use ultraiso could directly write XenServer iso into a flash disk, then you could use this flash disk for booting up the machine.
73. Resume ansible-playbook running
Command:
ansible-playbook -i inventory OnecloudPlaybooks/LAMP/main.yml --start-at-task="Disable
Apache modules" -u vagrant -k
74. Force install
apt-get method:
$ /usr/bin/apt-get -y -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef -o Dpkg::Options::=--force-confold
75. slack and ssh
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000006681056
76. php info
Display php info:
<?php
// Show all information, defaults to INFO_ALL
phpinfo();
?>
77. WordPress
Edit the wordpress:
wp-config.php in the root of your website and add there two lines:
define('WP_DEBUG', true);
@ini_set('display_errors', 1);
78. Packer Specify var
For using ansible playbooks:
packer build \
-var 'aws_access_key=foo' \
-var 'aws_secret_key=bar' \
template.json
79. Minimum CloudStack Mem Usage
To limit the memory usage.
mysql -u cloud -p<password>
UPDATE cloud.service_offering SET ram_size='128', speed='128' WHERE vm_type='domainrouter';
UPDATE cloud.service_offering SET ram_size='128', speed='128' WHERE vm_type='elasticloadbalancervm';
UPDATE cloud.service_offering SET ram_size='128', speed='128' WHERE vm_type='secondarystoragevm';
UPDATE cloud.service_offering SET ram_size='128', speed='128' WHERE vm_type='internalloadbalancervm';
UPDATE cloud.service_offering SET ram_size='128', speed='128' WHERE vm_type='consoleproxy';
quit
80. Nethogs In Ubuntu14.04
The default version of nethogs is too old, thus won’t be used properly.
# wget -c https://github.com/raboof/nethogs/archive/v0.8.5.tar.gz
# tar xf v0.8.5.tar.gz
# cd ./nethogs-0.8.5/
# sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libpcap-dev
# make && sudo make install
81. Vagrant Disk Usage
Standard VS LVM:
Standard:
qemu: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
qemu: udev 228M 0 228M 0% /dev
qemu: tmpfs 49M 1.8M 48M 4% /run
qemu: /dev/vda1 211G 1.1G 199G 1% /
qemu: tmpfs 245M 0 245M 0% /dev/shm
qemu: tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
qemu: tmpfs 245M 0 245M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
qemu: tmpfs 49M 0 49M 0% /run/user/0
LVM:
qemu: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
qemu: udev 227M 0 227M 0% /dev
qemu: tmpfs 49M 1.9M 48M 4% /run
qemu: /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 3.0G 1.1G 1.8G 37% /
qemu: tmpfs 245M 0 245M 0% /dev/shm
qemu: tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
qemu: tmpfs 245M 0 245M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
qemu: /dev/vda1 472M 53M 395M 12% /boot
qemu: tmpfs 49M 0 49M 0% /run/user/0
The standard will take very long time for shrinking the disk.
So we have to choose lvm, and use vagrant command for enlarge it during start up.
An example of Vagrantfile is listed as:
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
############### Definitions Comes Here #################
OPENSTACK_HOSTNAME = "openstackallinone"
############### Vagrant Configuration Here #############
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
# vagrant issues #1673..fixes hang with configure_networks
config.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
config.vm.provision :shell, path: "add_new_disk.sh"
config.ssh.username = 'root'
config.ssh.password = 'YourPasswordForRoot'
config.ssh.insert_key = 'true'
config.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|
domain.nic_model_type = 'e1000'
domain.memory = 384
domain.nested = true
domain.cpu_mode = 'host-model'
end
# openstackallinone node.
# Add one networking, modify hostname, define memory, CPU cores.
config.vm.define :openstackallinone do |openstackallinone|
openstackallinone.vm.box = "Ubuntu1604OneLVM"
openstackallinone.vm.boot_timeout = '36000'
openstackallinone.vm.hostname = OPENSTACK_HOSTNAME
openstackallinone.vm.network :public_network,
:dev => "br0",
:mode => "bridge",
:type => "bridge",
:ip => "192.168.10.33"
# Disable mounting of vagrant folder as it's not supported on xenserver
openstackallinone.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
openstackallinone.vm.provider :libvirt do |domain|
domain.memory = 10240
domain.cpus = 8
domain.storage :file, :size => '200G'
domain.storage_pool_name = 'XenStoragePool'
domain.nested = true
domain.cpu_mode = 'host-model'
domain.nic_model_type = 'virtio'
domain.disk_bus = 'virtio'
domain.volume_cache = 'writeback'
end
end
end
Make sure your add_new_disk.sh avaiable:
set -e
set -x
if [ -f /etc/disk_added_date ]
then
echo "disk already added so exiting."
exit 0
fi
sudo fdisk -u /dev/vdb <<EOF
n
p
1
t
8e
w
EOF
pvcreate /dev/vdb1
vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/vdb1
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
date > /etc/disk_added_date
82. Quickly add swapfile
Format a swapfile using following command:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048
# mkswap /swapfile
# chmod 600 /swapfile
# swapon /swapfile
Add swapfile.
echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
83. Vmware tips
Issue:
vmmon-only/linux/driver.c:390:8
Fixed by:
# cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source
# tar xf vmmon.tar
# nano ./vmmon-only/linux/driver.c
#ifdef VMX86_DEVEL
unregister_chrdev(linuxState.major, linuxState.deviceName);
#else
- if (misc_deregister(&linuxState.misc)) {
- Warning("Module %s: error unregistering\n", linuxState.deviceName);
- }
+ misc_deregister(&linuxState.misc);
Then recompile the modules via:
# tar cf vmmon.tar ./vmmon-only
# vmware-modconfig --console --install-all
Before start vmware, you should include following library:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/vmware/lib/libglibmm-2.4.so.1/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
84. Good Material On OpenStack building
http://blog.l1n3.net/category/cloud/openstack/
https://cunninghamshane.com/deploying-and-customizing-openstack-mitaka-with-openstack-ansible/
85. Digital Ocean docker issue
Issue:
DJANGO_APP=$(docker run -d -i -t -p 8000:8000 ubuntu /bin/bash)
WARNING: Docker detected local DNS server on resolv.conf. Using default external servers: [8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4]
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled.
2013/09/12 12:52:02 Error: Error starting container 037aac8ca3ab: iptables failed: iptables -t nat -A DOCKER -p tcp --dport 8000 ! -i docker0 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.3:8000
Solved by:
$ modprobe xt_conntrack
$ sudo service docker restart
86. Studying material in weekend
https://www.zybuluo.com/gump88/note/440777
http://geek.csdn.net/news/detail/65292
87. xzoom
Could be a desktop magnifier. Install it via yaourt xzoom.
88. Questions
To be investigated:
十台服务器，关于并发的问题
十台 8C 16G 100M 这样配置的服务器，要是求支持 3w 并发，简单的三台 web ，做 nginx ，两
台调度器，做 lvs+keepalived ，四台做数据库集群架构，用 amoeba 做读写分离，简单的主从复
制，，这样的一个简单的架构方案能抗住 3w 并发吗？？？
89. Convertion for mobi
If your file extension is doc, then first convert it to rtf in libreoffice, then use calibre for converting it to mobi.
90. Linux PC Benchmark
https://linux.cn/article-7810-1.html?utm_source=weibo&utm_medium=weibo