Linux Tips(4)

Jan 15, 2016
LinuxTips

1. Run ansible commands

Run commands in all hosts:

# ansible all -i inventory.ini -m command -u root --args "uptime"

2. mesos introduction

http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/analyse-mesos-part-02

3. Limit ansible run hosts

# ansible-playbook -i inventory_mesos_cluster changehostname.yml -u root -k
-vvvv --list-hosts

playbook: changehostname.yml

  play #1 (master1): host count=1
    10.47.58.31

#  ansible-playbook -i
inventory_mesos_cluster changehostname.yml -u root -k -vvvv --limit="master1"

4. Configure the dhcp configuration of libvirtd

First edit the net configuration:

# virsh net-edit xxxxx

/images/2016_01_16_20_23_08_715x270.jpg

5. Copy items into clipboard in vim

Hit Ctrl+v to visual model, then select the items you want to copy, after select them, click "*y will copy whatever you selected into your clipbard.

Copy from clipboard—- simply hit p in command mode.

6. mesos.cli

When you meet no module named mesos, install it via pip:

$ pip install mesos.cli

7. Startdict In Command Line

$ sudo apt-get install -y sdcv
$ wget
https://web.archive.org/web/20140917131745/http://abloz.com/huzheng/stardict-dic/dict.org/stardict-dictd_www.dict.org_gcide-2.4.2.tar.bz2
$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/stardict/dic/
$ sudo tar xjvf stardict-dictd_www.dict.org_gcide-2.4.2.tar.bz2 -C /usr/share/stardict/dic

8. Golden Dict

Golden Dict.

9. Latest Info On OpenStack

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3MjkwMDY5OA==&mid=404253985&idx=1&sn=0d6c544dfb129e35bde7d19a0de8887b&scene=1&srcid=01267Etq7arAdYaFqbUG5BNa&pass_ticket=qT7Nk3zsTIegBKqnPTUL%2FTtS%2FMNDH%2F07Fz%2Bfua9RcTwSHVO5OLo5wDpfeb%2FBLCEH#rd

10. Quickly Configure vagrant machine

Via following you could get outside world:

ip route del default gw 10.0.2.2 dev enp0s3
ip a del 192.168.10.199/24 dev enp0s8
ip a add 192.168.10.199/16 dev enp0s8
ip route add default via 192.168.0.79 dev enp0s8

11. Change the default gateway On CentOS 7

Default gateway should go here:

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network
# Created by anaconda
GATEWAY=192.168.0.79

And remove the origin default gateway by adding following definitions :

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 
# Generated by dracut initrd
NAME="enp0s3"
DEVICE="enp0s3"
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
# This one is not the default gw
DEFROUTE=no
# Do not override the dns
PEERDNS=no

Thus the default gateway won’t go from enp0s3, but from enp0s8, won’t configure the dns address to 10.0.x.x.

12. On VPNs

http://linsir.org/post/how_to_install_IPSec_IKEV2_base_on_strongswan_with_CentOS7
https://quericy.me/blog/512
https://quericy.me/blog/699
http://lifehacker.io/post/108814979111/%E5%9C%A8%E6%90%AC%E7%93%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%9A%84centos7%E4%B8%8B%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BAstrongswan%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8ios%E4%B8%8A%E6%8C%89%E9%9C%80%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5vpn
https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/IPSEC_vpn_with_CentOS_7.html
https://linux.cn/article-5938-weibo.html

MMC snap-in:
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc722035.aspx

13. Use iptables On CentOS7

Use following steps for disable firewalld and use iptables.

$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl mask firewalld
$ yum install iptables-services
$ systemctl enable iptables
$ systemctl start iptables

14. Quickly Goes kernel configuration

When you want to configure the newer kernel source tree using your old kernel configuration, simply do following:

# yes "" | make oldconfig

15. iptables problem

After installing the newest kernel, I cannot use iptables, showing can't initialize iptables : table does not exist.

Solution: compile the modules again, select nat.

/images/2016_01_28_16_05_52_496x361.jpg

Selecting from:
Networking Support
Network Options
Network packet filtering framework(Netfilter)
IP: Netfilter Configuration

Then you should make modules_install under your kernel source building directory.

16. DistCC For Building Kernel DEB

On configurating distcc:
http://linuxdeveloper.blogspot.tw/2012/03/distributed-kernel-compilation-in.html

On building Linux kernel deb files:

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/debian-ubuntu-building-installing-a-custom-linux-kernel/

And:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile

Actual command:

$ time sudo make -j12 CC=distcc
$ sudo MAKEFLAGS="CC=distcc" make-kpkg --rootcmd fakeroot --initrd --append-to-version=-suspend2 kernel-image kernel-headers kernel-source -j16

Really takes long time for building the kernel out, but the iptables won’t works.

17. dmenu On Ubuntu

dmenu is in the package of suckless-tools.

$ sudo apt-get install suckless-tools

18. Virtio-GPU How-to

https://www.kraxel.org/blog/2015/06/virtio-gpu-on-the-way-upstream/

20. Use Latest Dev Kernel On Fedora

Refers to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Kernel_Vanilla_Repositories

$ curl -s https://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/thl/kernel-vanilla.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kernel-vanilla.repo
$ sudo dnf --enablerepo=kernel-vanilla-mainline update

Fall back to the stable one:

$ sudo dnf --enablerepo=kernel-vanilla-stable update

21. Install grub on usb disk/ArchLinux

# chattr -i /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 
# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck --debug --force /dev/sdb
# chattr +i /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img

22. fcitx-gtk3

Since now firefox using gtk3, so if you want to input chinese in firefox, simply install fcitx-gtk3 then you get fcitx working.

23. Polkit And Virt-manager

Problem:

$ virsh -c qemu:///system
error: failed to connect to the hypervisor
error: authentication failed: no agent is available to authenticate

Add the configuration for the polkit and restart the service:

$ sudo vim /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-org.libvirt.unix.manager.rules
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
    if (action.id == "org.libvirt.unix.manage" &&
        subject.isInGroup("kvm")) {
            return polkit.Result.YES;
        }
});

And also you have to add your current user into the group of kvm:

$ sudo usermod -a -G kvm <user name>

Restar the polkit service via:

$ sudo systemctl restart polkit.service

24. Running tasks in byobu

http://superuser.com/questions/623432/transfer-current-command-to-a-detachable-session-tmux-screen

25. GPU Pass-Through

http://www.gitztalk.com/posts/2014/06/30/gaming-in-a-vm/

26. yaourt build error

Reason: gpg checking error, solution is:

$ proxychains4 gpg --recv-key  79BE3E4300411886

27. libvirtd and polkit

Bypass the password prompt:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Polkit#Bypass_password_prompt

32. Set/Unset keyboard LED

Turn on/off the Scroll LED of the keyboard(USB):

xset led 3
xset -led 3

33. USB In a NutShell

http://www.beyondlogic.org/usbnutshell/usb1.shtml

34. Arduino USB Tutorial

http://codeandlife.com/2012/01/22/avr-attiny-usb-tutorial-part-1/

35. Auduino USB Project

https://www.obdev.at/products/vusb/projects.html

36. Detecting mouse events

Using evtest for detecting mouse events:

$ sudo apt-get install evtest
$ sudo evtest

37. SteelSeries Mouse (RAW) DEMO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvvybR6oyvs

38. USB Device Driver

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20587912-id-2984380.html

http://www.wzona.info/2012/10/usb-duomenu-perdavimas-atmega.html

39. Reverse usb device driver

http://phoeagon.byethost15.com/2012/05/05/%e7%bb%99%e6%9d%82%e7%89%8c%e5%b9%bb%e7%81%af%e7%89%87usb%e9%81%a5%e6%8e%a7%e5%86%99linux%e9%a9%b1%e5%8a%a8-%e4%b8%8a/

http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTEzODU

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=187995

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdvmsWnZkyc

https://learn.adafruit.com/hacking-the-kinect/more-kinect-information

https://www.linuxvoice.com/drive-it-yourself-usb-car-6/

Total Phase USB:

http://www.totalphase.com/products/beagle-usb12/

https://github.com/dmage/co2mon

40. v-usb tutorial

http://www.workinprogress.ca/v-usb-tutorial-software-only-usb-for-mega-tiny/

41. v-usb and Arduino

https://www.hackster.io/rayburne/arduino-to-excel-using-v-usb-cbf701

http://www.geek-workshop.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=8578&highlight=v-usb

http://coopermaa2nd.blogspot.tw/2011/10/v-usb-examples-for-arduino.html

http://www.geek-workshop.com/thread-1137-1-1.html

http://www.geek-workshop.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=15114&highlight=v-usb

42.Set Timezone of the ArchLinux

Change from UTC to Asia/Shanghai:

$ timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

43. Empty all of the bash history

Empty the bash history via:

$ rm -f ~/.bash_history

44. Specify qemu-binary in Packer.io

Edit the json files:

"builders":
[
{
"type": "qemu",
"qemu_binary" : "/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm.sh",

45. apprmor.d

I modified /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/libvirt-qemu to include the
backing store directory

46. Recover UEFI bootloader

After remove the mainline linux kernel, the archlinux is using the default kernel, but the UEFI bootloader didn’t notice this, following are the steps for recover the UEFI bootloader.

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/EFI   --bootloader-id=arch_grub --recheck
cat ./EFI/loader/entries/arch.conf

Change the items into initramfs-linux.

If you cannot login to the system, you could start the machine via USB disk or installation media, using arch-chroot /mnt/ /bin/bash for login to the chroot system, then do the above operations.

47. bonding

http://sanswers.com/tube/wotC5GZ2FV0/bonding-eth0-and-wlan0-on-arch-linux

48. Fix currpted zsh history

history corrupted.

$ mv .zsh_history .zsh_history_bad
$ strings .zsh_history_bad > .zsh_history
$ fc -R .zsh_history

49. pulp

Using pulp for managing the repositories of RPM/Docker, etc.

50. Chromium flash

Install chromium-pepper-flash in aur.

51. Install xfce4 on CentOS

Install xfce in epel repository via:

# yum --enablerepo=epel -y groups install "Xfce"

52. LED controller

http://www.seeedstudio.com/recipe/402-smart-power-outlet.html

53. Build php envs

https://medium.com/dev-tricks/apache-and-php-on-docker-44faef716150#.c8bguolj0

54. handle docker changes

http://dbaron.org/linux/handle-dock-change.py

55. python detection of usb storage

https://linuxmeerkat.wordpress.com/2014/11/12/python-detection-of-usb-storage-device/
d-feet for debugging of dbus..

Install gvfp-mtp, then you could get your nautillus have the mtp device support.

Using mtp-detect for detecting the equipments and mtp-connect for connecting the device.

57. Virtualbox Driver Issue

After upgrading the system, the virtualbox won’t start the machine, this is because we didn’t install the kernel header, thus the dkms won’t be run after system upgrading. Install kernel-headers:

$ sudo pacman -S linux-headers
$ sudo /sbin/rcvboxdrv setup

58. Creation tools

https://linux.cn/article-7072-1.html

59. rvm reinstall issue

openssl load error:

$ rvm pkg install openssl
$ rvm install 2.2.1  --with-openssl-dir=$HOME/.rvm/usr
$ proxychains4 gem update bundler

Then you can continue to use your octopress.

60 Install go on ArchLinux

$ sudo pacman -S go
$ mkdir ~/go
$ vim ~/.zshrc
export GOPATH=~/go
export PATH=$PATH:~/go/bin

61. Packer Development Version

The steps on building packer on Ubuntu:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-lxc/lxd-stable
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install golang
$ mkdir -p $HOME/Documents/golang
$ export GOPATH=$HOME/Documents/golang
$ export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1
$ export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
$ go get github.com/mitchellh/packer
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/mitchellh/packer
$ sudo chown -R dash /home/dash/
$ make

bitnami

62. Install add-apt-repository command

add-apt-repository missing:

$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

63. git checkout specified tags

For checkout specified tag:

$ git tag -l
.....
.....
xxyy
$ git checkout tags/xxyy -b xxyy_local

64. Nested kvm On ArchLinux

Enable the nested kvm for ArchLinux via following steps:

➜  ~ systool -m kvm_intel -v | grep nested
    nested              = "N"
➜  ~ modprobe -r kvm_intel
modprobe: ERROR: could not remove 'kvm_intel': Operation not permitted
➜  ~ sudo modprobe -r kvm_intel
➜  ~ sudo modprobe kvm_intel nested=1
➜  ~ sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
options kvm_intel nested=1
➜  ~ systool -m kvm_intel -v | grep nested
    nested              = "Y"

65. Failed to build rubygem

Issue:

Unable to install gem - Failed to build gem native extension - cannot load
such file — mkmf (LoadError)

Solved by: sudo apt-get install -y ruby-dev.

66. xe-tools location

Loation for finding xe-tools:

# pwd
/opt/xensource/packages/iso
# ls
XenCenter.iso  xs-tools-6.5.0-20001.iso  xs-tools-6.5.0.iso

67. Qemu Tunnel Types

http://linuxsimba.com/qemu-tunnel-types/

68. zsh history

Error message is zsh: corrupt history file /home/myusername/.zsh_history.

Solved by:

➜  ~ mv .zsh_history .zsh_history_bad
➜  ~ strings .zsh_history_bad > .zsh_history
➜  ~ fc -R .zsh_history

69. virsh priviledge In Ubuntu

When met following issue, solved via add current user to libvirtd and kvm, relogin again then issue would be solved:

Error while connecting to libvirt: Error making a connection to libvirt URI
qemu:///system?no_verify=1&keyfile=/home/dash/.ssh/id_rsa:
Call to virConnectOpen failed: Failed to connect socket to
'/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': Permission denied

Solution :

$ sudo usermod -a -G kvm dash
$ sudo usermod -a -G libvirtd dash

70. Vagrant ext vars

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23008367/ansible-with-vagrant-read-inventory-from-vagrantfile-extra-vars

71. rootpasswd in Kickstart

Formats, and to generate the encrypted format.

rootpw "password here"
rootpw --iscrypted password_hash
$ openssl passwd -1 "password here"

72. On Vagrant Xenserver

To build Xenserver vagrant box in packer:
https://github.com/imduffy15/packer-xenserver

Possible usable vagrant box(For Xenserver):
https://vagrantcloud.com/duffy/boxes/xenserver

Remote provisioning to a xenserver hypervisor:
http://serverfault.com/questions/631837/remote-automated-provisioning-to-a-xenserver-hypervisor

Ansible and Xen:
http://sharknet.us/2013/12/13/276/

Vagrant and XenServer:
https://github.com/jonludlam/vagrant-xenserver

73. Tips on Xenserver In Vagrant

Mac address:

# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/interface-rename-data/static-rules.conf
eth0:mac = "xxxxxxxxx"
# interface-rename --dry-run --reset-to-install

Then you could reset all of your configuration into the initial status.

74. oh-my-vagrant

https://github.com/purpleidea/oh-my-vagrant

75. Detect System

http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/89714/easy-way-to-determine-virtualization-technology

Use dmidecode.

76. git remove untracked files

Following commands will remove the untracked files in .gitignore.

$  git rm --cached .vagrant
$  git rm --cached -r .vagrant
$  git rm -r --cached . 
$  git add .
$  git commit -m "Added with gitignored"
$  git push origin master

77. node mcu good example

http://bbs.nodemcu.com/t/nodemcu/1147

78. 8723ae issue

Do following to make the rtl8723awe working more effeciently.

$ vim  /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723ae.conf
options rtl8723ae fwlps=0

79. PDF Chinese

Poppler-data will enable chinese support.

$ sudo pacman -S poppler-data

80. Join multiple lines with comma

abc.txt should remove the end enter and replaced with comma.

$ cat abc.txt | tr '\n' ','

Refers to:
http://blog.irreverence.co.uk/?p=209

81. Shrink vhd file

In XenServer vms:

$ cat /dev/zero > zero.dat ; sync ; sleep 1 ; sync ; rm zero.dat

82. VHD File Compact

shirinking the vhd file via:

$ VBoxManage clonehd target.vhd cloned.vhd
$ VBoxManage modifyhd cloned.vhd --compact

83. 1602 And RPI

http://www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk/2015/05/using-an-i2c-enabled-lcd-screen-with-the-raspberry-pi/
http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/28991/how-can-i-use-a-lcd-display-with-a-i2c-adapter

84. CPU Frequency

Install and enable the service of cpupower via:

$ sudo pacman -S cpupower
$ sudo systemctl enable cpupower.service
$ sudo systemctl start cpupower.service

configure the cpupower parameters via:

$  cat /etc/default/cpupower   
# Define CPUs governor
# valid governors: ondemand, performance, powersave, conservative, userspace.
governor='performance'

Some useful commands should be like:

$ sudo cpupower frequency-set -f  3.06
$ cpupower frequency-info
$ watch grep \"cpu MHz\" /proc/cpuinfo

85. Gmail Mutt

https://www.linux.com/community/blogs/133-general-linux/850945-setup-mutt-with-gmail-on-centos-and-ubuntu

86. Fake Video

http://www.atechnote.com/2014/11/create-fake-webcam.html
https://developer.ubuntu.com/en/snappy/start/

87. Way Of Snappy Extend

http://askubuntu.com/questions/577105/is-there-a-way-to-add-repo-to-snappy-ubuntu-core

88. pl2802 driver

You probably have a counterfeit adapter. It won’t work with the updated driver. You need to find the 3.2.0.0 driver and use it instead. You can find it here http://www.miklor.com/COM/UV_Drivers.php

83. collectd On ArchLinux

Install collectd via:

$ sudo pacman -S rrdtool net-snmp liboping collectd

84. gem path

Use gem env for detecting the system variables, some variables should be added into system path.

85. Vagrant and packer.io

http://boxupp.com/
http://phansible.com/
https://puphpet.com/#
getprotobox.com/
http://www.sitepoint.com/5-easy-ways-getting-started-php-vagrant/
http://rove.io/

86 Install latest ansible

Install the latest ansible on Ubuntu:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible

87. Packer And Ansible

http://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/server-vm-images-ansible-and-packer

88. Vagrant issue

Problem is:

sudo vagrant up
Bringing machine 'tunirserver' up with 'libvirt' provider...
/usr/share/gems/gems/fog-1.23.0/lib/fog/libvirt/requests/compute/list_volumes.rb:32:in `info': Call to virStorageVolGetInfo failed: Storage volume not found: no storage vol with matching path '/tmp/orbit-kdas' (Libvirt::RetrieveError)